Gothic

Gothic art emerged in Northern France in the 12th century AD, out of Romanesque art, and spread throughout Western Europe. It was characterized by the use of new techniques and materials, such as stained glass, fresco, and illuminated manuscripts. The style was influenced by the growth of cities, trade, and literacy, which led to a proliferation of secular art and the representation of secular themes. The Gothic period saw a shift from the Byzantine iconic form to a more human and affectionate representation of the Virgin Mary, and the development of a sophisticated court style known as International Gothic.learn more on wikipedia